Key principles.
Highest
Highest conductivity. Premium electrical contacts.
Standard
Workhorse conductor. Standard wiring, electronics.
Light alternative
Aluminum 60% copper conductivity. Lighter, cheaper.
Medium
Steel medium conductivity. Structural use.
Lower
Stainless lower than carbon steel. 18-8 alloys.
Insulator
Most plastics 10¹⁵+ Ω/sq. Standard insulator.
FAQ
Silver > copper > gold > aluminum > steel > stainless > plastic.
Aluminum lighter, cheaper. Copper more conductive. Trade-off per application.
Carbon-loaded conductive plastics 10⁵-10⁹ Ω/sq. Anti-static (10⁹-10¹²) common.
Surface for static dissipation. Volume for through-thickness conductivity.
ASTM D257 surface and volume resistivity. Eddy current for conductors.
Copper wiring, aluminum bus bars, ESD-safe trays, conductive paint for shielding.
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